Step Up New Buildings
Build energy efficient and affordable homes for all, using renewable energy, low-carbon materials and construction that’s ready to protect against extreme weather.
Table of Contents
The Rationale
In 2021, the buildings sector was responsible for around 10.2% of Alberta’s total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although existing buildings generate most building-related GHG emissions, certain communities in Alberta are growing as fast as 5%, adding hundreds of new buildings each year. Every new building built to minimum code standards is a lost opportunity –for improved energy efficiency, reduced carbon emissions, and improved resilience– and one that will need a costly retrofit down the line. Every new building built without considering climate change impacts, for example, high-risk areas like floodplains, is a lost opportunity to reduce costs and jeopardizes the safety of people and assets.
To reduce new building emissions and build resilience, municipalities in Alberta can incentivize better-than-code energy performance in new construction and explore opportunities for new buildings to be Net-Zero Energy Ready.
Vision: What does success look like?
Alberta’s municipalities are leaders in zero-emissions building development and use innovative financing and policy mechanisms to encourage diverse and affordable housing options. All new buildings are constructed to meet or exceed federal energy efficiency and emissions reduction targets and prioritize renewable energy sources and low-carbon materials. All new buildings are resilient to changing and extreme weather patterns, and residents of all income levels can enjoy the benefits of sustainable living.
The Reality
Getting started requires foundational steps to set your municipality up for the successful implementation of Local Actions, as suggested below.
Who is responsible?
Municipalities play an active role in housing policy and development through land-use planning and zoning, even though provincial governments determine the extent of municipal powers in this domain.
Civic buildings are an opportunity for municipalities to support market transformation in the construction sector and demonstrate the feasibility of high performance, low carbon buildings to the local community. Construction standards like Passive House or the Zero Carbon Building Standard can guide municipal processes so that facilities are extremely energy efficient. A Green Building Policy can encourage sustainable construction practices and maximize opportunities for investing in features that will have a net economic benefit using a full-cost accounting approach. For example, the City of Edmonton’s Climate Resilient Policy C627 introduces procedures that ensure the construction, operation, and maintenance of City buildings are sustainable. This policy required that new buildings are built to an emissions-neutral standard and embodied emissions assessment is completed for new construction.
Federal Legislation, Programs, and Funding
Natural Resources Canada’s Build Smart: Canada’s Buildings Strategy includes a target for more stringent building codes across the country starting in 2020. The strategy establishes the goal that all provinces and territories will:
- Adopt a net-zero energy-ready model building code by 2030.
- Require space-heating technologies for sale in Canada to meet an energy performance of more than 100% by 2035, with interim targets set for 2025 and 2050.
From 2016 to 2021, the National Research Council (NRC) undertook the Climate-Resilient Buildings and Core Public Infrastructure Initiative to develop capacity in Canada’s construction industries to adapt to the increasing demands on built infrastructure as a result of climate change. Outcomes include developing best practices for flood risk reduction in residential communities and developing guidance for new and existing buildings to ensure safe indoor conditions during heat waves. The Government of Canada Adaptation Action Plan provides actions that set the direction for adapting infrastructure, including delivering the Standards to Support Resilience in Infrastructure Program, to inform changes to building and infrastructure codes and create guides, standards, tools, and technical solutions for climate resilience. This builds on the research conducted by the NRC’s initiative.
Provincial Legislation, Programs, and Funding
The regulatory landscape for new building design in Alberta is primarily governed by the Alberta Building Code (ABC). The ABC sets out the minimum requirements for the design and construction of buildings in the province, including for energy efficiency. It is periodically updated to reflect advancements in building technology, safety standards, and environmental considerations.
Energy Codes provide additional guidance on improving energy efficiency standards for building construction codes to support GHG emissions reduction and reduce the strain on Alberta’s energy resources. The 2020 National Building and Energy Codes, published in 2022, introduced Tiered Energy Codes as a pathway to progressively increase the energy efficiency requirements of new homes to be Net Zero Ready by 2030. While Alberta has auto-adopted the Tiered Energy Codes, the Government of Alberta has the discretion to determine which Tier to start at and the timeline to adopt future Tiers. This process is managed by Alberta Municipal Affairs through advice from the Safety Codes Council, the Building Industry & Land Development (BILD) Association of Alberta and other stakeholders.
Some stakeholders have raised concerns that while implementing Tiered Codes will foster energy efficiency, they might also exacerbate housing affordability issues. While increasing the housing supply can facilitate energy efficient building practices, it must be done thoughtfully to prevent further exclusion of low-income residents. Population growth in Alberta has been accelerating. From October 1, 2022 – 2023, the province’s population expanded by 4.3%—the highest annual growth rate since 1980. This growth demands new housing—the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation estimates that Alberta will need 20,000 more housing units above and beyond current rates of construction by 2030 to maintain affordability.
In 2019 the Government of Canada and the Government of Alberta signed the National Housing Strategy Bilateral Agreement to invest up to $678 million in federal and provincial funding to protect, renew and expand social and community housing in Alberta. The agreement outlines that the governments follow high standards of transparency, public engagement and housing quality, including improved energy efficiency. In 2021, a further $444 million combined investment was announced through the Canada-Alberta Housing Benefit. This investment will fund rent support for about 35,500 households in Alberta.
The Government of Alberta provides 4 types of subsidized housing; the Community Housing program, Seniors Apartments, the Seniors Self-contained Housing program, the Seniors Lodge program and Special Needs Housing options. Local housing providers are responsible for managing programs, setting rates, and selecting tenants on behalf of the government.
The Response
It is essential to have relevant data before embarking on the local actions below. This data is a starting point for decision making and will help inform the actions that are relevant to your community. We recommend acquiring the following data independently or with a consultant for a deeper look:
- Emissions Data: Use the Climate Action Explorer to understand emissions sources by sector and type and explore how the Big Moves can reduce emissions.
- Climate Data: Use tools like Climate Data to identify historical data and future climate projections for decision making. Go further and identify the risks and vulnerabilities of future climate projections on your community.
- Socio-Economic and Demographic Data: Understand how your community interacts with the Big Move to make equitable decisions and optimize co-benefits. Identify opportunities to engage with the community early on and often.
We recommend communities work towards a Resilient, Zero Emissions Building Plan, to guide growth and investment towards meeting building emissions reduction goals.
REFERENCE
The Local Actions
The following local actions have been identified in response to the information above, as well as best practice research, current available data related to waste in Alberta, and criteria such as how the actions reduce emissions and risk, support equity, their feasibility, and cost. These local actions may be designed and/or implemented on their own, or in combination with other community strategies and programs and are recommended for local governments to more toward low carbon resilience as efficiently as possible.
Local Actions Reference
Expand for descriptions of the four types of interventionsEmpower
Providing educational programs, training, grants, and resources that enable community-driven initiatives to empower local residents, community organizations, and businesses to take an active role in climate mitigation and adaptation efforts. Empowering local stakeholders fosters a sense of ownership and responsibility for climate action, ensuring that solutions are tailored to the unique needs and characteristics of each community. Empower also includes the education of staff and industry.
Incentivize
Implementing a range of financial and non-financial incentives to motivate individuals, businesses, and institutions to adopt climate friendly practices. This may include tax breaks, subsidies, and recognition for businesses implementing sustainable practices.
Require
Establishing regulations and bylaws to mandate or compel adherence to climate-conscious practices. Clear requirements help create a legal framework for a baseline level of environmental responsibility.
Partner
Forging partnerships with local businesses, academic institutions, non-profit organizations, neighbouring municipalities, and community organizations helps local governments leverage collective expertise, resources, and builds influence and buy-in for comprehensive climate action.
Local Action #1: Encourage new buildings to be built to higher levels of efficiency
The BILD Alberta finds that the Tiered Energy Codes introduced by the 2020 National Building and Energy Codes will increase the demand for Energy Advisors, meaning industry education and capacity building is required now. Because of their strong relationships with builders, designers and developers, municipalities are key partners for industry associations, and other training organizations, and play an important role in making high quality training accessible locally, especially in rural and remote areas. Meaningful and sustained engagement with the building industry is important as the industry transitions to high performance, low carbon, and resilient building. The following interventions can be customized where necessary for the community’s context and reflect best practice research to support increased efficiency in new builds in Alberta.
Public Recognition: Provide positive publicity for developers when their new buildings achieve high energy efficiency standards. This recognition supports builders and is also an opportunity to increase public awareness of home energy efficiency.
Efficient Development: Where a municipality owns the land, it can develop the land itself to a high standard, or as a condition of sale, require high standards of development and new buildings.
Link Incentives to High Performance: Provide incentives to builders through a building permit rebate program, or preferential/ expedited permitting, when they design and construct high-performance buildings.
Home Energy Labelling: Contribute to market transformation by introducing requirements for home energy labelling in newly constructed homes. When making a major purchase such as a new or used car or appliance, energy performance is a key factor for many buyers. In contrast, when buying a new home, potential homebuyers have no way of knowing the energy performance of the home they are considering. Home energy labelling makes it easy for potential owners and occupants to understand the building’s energy consumption and associated costs.
Green Building Policy: In new buildings, a green building policy may include considerations such as:
- Building locations that maximize access to the public that the building will serve and connect with transit services.
- Development standards that facilitate compact development.
- Requirements for green infrastructure, such as for stormwater management or urban heat reduction measures.
- A requirement for certifications like LEED or other green building standards which signify a baseline of energy efficiency, water conservation, and indoor air quality met.
Procurement Policy: The best tool to reduce embodied emissions is to use local, low-carbon building materials and municipalities can do this by updating their procurement policies. For example, the City of Edmonton’s Climate Resilience Policy requires embodied emissions assessments to facilitate new civic construction that uses materials with the lowest embodied carbon.
Buy Clean Strategy: Develop and implement a Buy Clean Strategy to prioritize the use of low-carbon construction materials in projects and require approaches that account for the full life-cycle performance of projects and materials (including opportunities for reuse and recycling). A Buy Clean Strategy can increase local demand and position municipal resources for the future low-carbon global economy while leveling the playing field against imports from low-cost, high-volume distributors.
Development Scorecards: Scorecards or checklists can align with climate goals and development objectives that the municipality is trying to achieve, often related to energy efficiency, water conservation, reducing development footprints, or even prompting efficient use of land. As a mandatory tool, proponents are required to complete a checklist as part of the development application process. As a voluntary tool, development proponents could be encouraged to complete checklists and be provided with incentives to do so, such as reduced planning fees or expedited approvals.
Training and Capacity Building: Support training opportunities for builders, designers, contractors, and tradespeople on the latest energy efficiency policies and measures. For example, provide funds to cover event costs like high-quality training providers, venues, and catering and offer in-kind staff time. Collaborating with neighbouring municipalities to provide regional training opportunities is an excellent way to reach a larger audience and leverage resources. For example, the Emissions-Neutral Buildings Information Exchange (ENBIX) is a collaborative initiative that brings industry together to share knowledge and build capacity for emissions-neutral construction across Alberta.
Provincial support: Collaborate with other municipal leaders to advocate to the province for the power to accelerate to higher steps of the new National Model Building Code which is specifically designed to progressively reduce energy and carbon performance.
Consult and Engage: Seek input from industry and educational institutions in advance of implementing buildings-related policies to understand their training needs. This may include post-secondary institutions such as Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, Southern Alberta Institute of Technology, Lakeland, and NorQuest, and industry groups like Solar Alberta, Canadian Institute for Energy Training, Electrical Contractors Association of Alberta, Mechanical Contractors Association of Alberta, Alberta Construction Association, and Building Trades of Alberta, to name a few.
Village of Griesbach
The Village at Griesbach is on the site of the former Canadian Forces Base Edmonton and has been infilled with a multi-award-winning development. The neighbourhood has been designed with sustainability as a priority. Almost 25% of the development dedicated to parks, lakes and green spaces that also functions as stormwater management facilities, recreation opportunities, and social gathering spaces. In recognition of its sustainability, a section of the community received LEED-ND (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design – Neighbourhood Design) Gold Certification – the first project in Edmonton to receive this designation.
Echohaven Community
EchoHaven is a sustainable community at Rocky Ridge in northwest Calgary. The small neighborhood prioritizes minimal environmental footprint, healthy and extremely efficient homes, solar heating strategies, and water conservation initiatives. Residents have common goals about the environment, have the ability to make their own choices and work together. The community does not have a natural gas line, as electric heating sources meets the low building needs from the EnerGuide 84 minimum building ratings and passive heating through guaranteed solar access.
Green Building Bylaw
The Green Buildings Priority Stream is a voluntary program in Calgary designed to encourage energy efficiency buildings. The program offers a streamlined pathway for energy-efficient construction for various Part 3 and Part 9 buildings. Eligible projects receive dedicated support from City staff throughout the approval process, accelerated permit reviews, including development permits, building permits, etc., and preliminary building code compliance checks at the development stage. Additionally, projects gain visibility through promotion on the city’s website and corporate support from senior leadership.
Sustainability Report Card
In the City of Port Moody, British Colombia, developers are required to submit a sustainability report card with their development application. The report card identifies performance measures across four sustainability categories including cultural, economic, environmental, and social.
Green Buildings Priority Stream
The Green Buildings Priority Stream is a voluntary program in Calgary designed to encourage energy efficiency buildings. The program offers a streamlined pathway for energy-efficient construction for various Part 3 and Part 9 buildings. Eligible projects receive dedicated support from City staff throughout the approval process, accelerated permit reviews, including development permits, building permits, etc., and preliminary building code compliance checks at the development stage. Additionally, projects gain visibility through promotion on the city’s website and corporate support from senior leadership.
Sustainability Screening Reports and Impact Offset Matrix
The Town of Canmore uses a voluntary Sustainability Screening Process for developers to present to Council how their proposals support the Town’s commitment to sustainability. After a presentation by the developer, public participation is invited. The simple question being asked is “what net benefit is there from your project for the community of Canmore and what will your project do to help to sustain Canmore into the future?”. Applicants complete a mandatory application form, an Impact-Offset Matrix, and a proposal narrative to promote developments that have a net zero or better impact.
Embodied Carbon Reduction Program
Douro-Dummer, a township in Ontario, launched an innovative Sustainable Development Program in early 2020 as Canada’s first embodied carbon reduction program for building construction. It provides at this time a 40% permit fee rebate on all approved projects that meet the required greenhouse gas reduction targets, or an 80% permit fee rebate when combined with net-zero ready construction. Local governments can lead the way and prioritize the use of low-carbon construction materials in public and private projects.
Supporting Builders with Home Energy Labelling
The City of Edmonton provided a small financial incentive to local builders to label their newly built homes with an EnerGuide label and to disclose their EnerGuide rating on an online energy map. These homes can be found on the map, identified with builder logos affixed to their map entry. Many builders continue to label and disclose their homes despite an incentive.
Local Action #2: Encourage new buildings to be built to higher levels of resilience
In a 2022 report, the Government of Alberta stated that “in recent years there has been an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather conditions indicating a need for closely examining the process and considerations when selecting sites for new buildings or when undertaking additions or upgrades to existing facilities already in flood prone areas.” Thus, municipalities have a responsibility to ensure that new buildings are more resilient and are not developed in high-risk areas such as floodplains. The following interventions can be customized where necessary for the community’s context and reflect best practice research for how municipalities can build resilience in new buildings in Alberta.
Public Awareness: Collaborate with community partners to design and implement educational and awareness campaigns about how climate change will affect buildings and residents, including heat, air quality, and location. Begin to build community understanding of the importance of resilient planning and encourage community involvement in planning processes to integrate local knowledge.
Heat Pump Education: Develop and distribute communications materials related to the benefits of heat pumps for heating and cooling. Ensure materials are customized for key audiences such as builders, municipal staff, and the general public. Materials can feature testimonials from local early adopters to overcome disinformation about heat pump efficacy in colder climates. Consider opportunities to include complimentary information on building envelopes, ventilation, and landscaping, for instance. See the City of Edmonton’s Change Homes for Climate report.
Hazard Mapping: Undertake hazard mapping or refer to provincial resources to identify high-risk areas and consider appropriate adaptation strategies (e.g., using Design Flood Levels). See Alberta’s Flood Awareness Map Application
Risk Reduction Strategies: Explore risk reduction strategies being used in other municipalities nationally and globally. For instance:
- Introduce bylaws that require the implementation of climate resilience measures such as green or cool roofs. For instance, requiring buildings over a certain square footage to have a cool roof. See the City of Toronto’s Green Roof Bylaw
- Implement flood protection requirements and/or FireSmart design practices.
- Encourage low flow fixtures and other water-smart practices such as rainwater harvesting, xeriscaping, and grey water reuse.
- Adopt an Urban Forest Strategy with shading practices to keep residents cool.
- Equip new buildings with early warning systems to communicate hazards to residents.
Heat Pump Rebates: Provide rebates for heat pumps in new buildings to encourage efficient cooling and heating.
Resilience Amenities: Incentivize new builders to provide amenities like stormwater management, greenspaces, community gardens, passive design, natural design, and other amenities that enhance resilience and support community cohesion.
Resilient Municipal Buildings: Require that new city-owned buildings are built to mitigate the risks and impacts of climate change (e.g., reduce heat island effect), and provide funding for building climate risk assessments.
Thermal Regulation Requirements: Municipalities can develop or update existing bylaws that require new buildings to maintain livable internal temperature (see the City of Hamilton’s Adequate Temperature Bylaw Case Study) and filtered air. Further, they can require that heating and cooling is highly efficient
- Of note, this is not regulated by Safety Codes but rather can be implemented through the authority provided under the MGA.
Zoning Bylaws: Implement or update zoning regulations to restrict new development in high-risk areas.
Training Materials: Collaborate with local building professionals to develop training materials that will expand resilient building practices and ensure proper installation of heat pumps.
Training and Capacity Building: Support training opportunities for builders, designers, contractors, and tradespeople that will expand resilient building practices and ensure local capacity will meet demand for qualified heat pump installers. For example, provide funds to cover event costs like high quality training providers, venues, and catering and offer in-kind staff time.
Regional Training and Education: Collaborating with neighbouring municipalities to provide regional training opportunities is an excellent way to reach a larger audience and leverage resources.
Adequate Temperature Bylaw
In May 2023, Councilors with the City of Hamilton unanimously supported the motion to request staff develop the “adequate temperature” bylaw. The bylaw would require landlords to ensure that unit temperatures don’t exceed 26°C. They can do this by installing central air conditioning systems in apartment buildings or ensuring residents have access to AC units. Landlords are already required to maintain a minimum temperature, ensuring units are warm in the winter.
Filtered Air and Cooling Requirements
As part of their Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, the City of Vancouver has adopted changes for both new multi-family and commercial buildings that will require filtered outdoor air in new buildings by 2023 to protect residents from the health impacts of traffic and wildfire-related air pollution and cooling for new multifamily homes beginning in 2025, helping to protect residents from the health impacts of heat, air pollution, and noise.
Photo: Rebecca Bollwitt.
Climate Resilient Homes
The Climate Resilient Home (CRH) provides a road map to help homeowners, builders, municipal staff and elected officials in the Greater Edmonton Region make investment and policy decisions to improve the climate resiliency of homes. The tool provides examples of climate resilient features for different types of development. Users can generate a report of climate features they may be interested in. Participating municipalities include City of Edmonton, Strathcona County, City of St. Albert, City of Wetaskiwin, City of Spruce Grove, City of Leduc, Town of Devon and Town of Stony Plain.
Mobilizing Building Adaptation and Resilience Project
The Mobilizing Building Adaptation and Resilience (MBAR) project is a multi-year and multi-stakeholder project led by BC Housing to support people in both new buildings and existing buildings protect themselves from the risks of climate change. MBAR supports professional development for people who design, build, and renovate buildings and equips experienced practitioners to train others. Discussion primers on topics such as air quality, wildfire, flooding and power outages are available for access on the MBAR website.
C627 Climate Resilience Policy
In response to Edmonton’s declaration of a Climate Emergency in August 2019, the City Council adopted a forward-thinking Climate Resilient Policy C627 alongside a revised Energy Transition Strategy on April 19, 2021. The purpose of this policy is to provide clear and consistent governance and accountabilities for achieving a climate resilient community, and to demonstrate the City’s commitment to climate solution leadership in all aspects of city planning, development and business decisions. Under the policy, the City is building resilience through; 1) climate prepared and adapted infrastructure, 2) prepared and adapted communities, 3) climate resilient, adapted, and healthy ecosystems, and 4) proactive risk management.
Local Action #3: Build sustainable and affordable housing
The current supply of Alberta’s affordable housing stock does not meet the demand for affordable housing – and demand is increasing. According to the Statistics Canada 2016 Census, nearly 165,000 Alberta households are in core housing need. Alberta’s senior population is expected to grow to over one million by 2035 and will increase pressures for access to affordable homes. Renter households are also vulnerable and are three times more likely to live in inadequate housing compared to homeowners. The financial responsibility for affordable housing in Alberta is shared by municipal governments and municipal owned housing agencies. Municipalities can take steps to accelerate the supply of affordable housing through inclusionary zoning or by dismantling exclusionary housing practices. The following interventions can be customized where necessary for the community’s context and reflect best practice research for how municipalities can support housing affordability and energy efficiency in Alberta.
Proximity to Low Carbon Transportation: Support affordable housing developments that are strategically located near public and active transportation hubs to build access to employment, education, and amenities while minimizing carbon emissions. Review the Plan Connected Communities Big Move for more details.
Enable Affordable Housing Feasibility: While both non-market and market developers face the same municipal regulatory challenges, the impacts are more acute for the not-for-profit and co-op housing sectors, given their limited ability to access additional capital and equity to invest in a project. Additional costs are added to the project’s break-even rents. This limits the project’s ability to ensure affordability and the number of affordable homes and impacts financial viability. Municipalities can support the success of affordable housing projects in their communities, for instance by:
- Reducing the capital and operating costs of a project,
- Expediting permitting to help get projects off the ground faster, and
- Creating greater certainty around approvals.
Minimize Exclusionary Housing Practices: Remove zoning that exclusively permits single family homes to make it easier to build more multi-family infill units. Of Note: Inclusionary housing or zoning, a requirement for residential developers to set aside a certain percentage of new units at below market rates is a best practice policy tool. The Government of Alberta has repealed the provision of Edmonton and Calgary to use this best practice tool. Neither city has used this tool to date, while the Government of Alberta’s repeal has the goal of providing certainty for developers and limiting the potential for cost increases to new housing.
Multistakeholder Collaboration: Facilitate and support opportunities for non-profit organizations, housing agencies, community groups, and developers to build relationships and co-create solutions that leverage resources and expertise in sustainable building practices and housing affordability.
Pilot Projects: Partner with educational institutions and research organizations to conduct studies and pilot projects aimed at advancing innovative solutions for sustainable affordable housing.
Net-zero Energy Affordable Housing Project
The City of Fort Saskatchewan received a $2.9 million investment from the Federation of Canadian Municipalities’ Sustainable Affordable Housing initiative. The funding will be used by the municipal corporation Heartland Housing Foundation to build 83 affordable housing units in a Net-Zero Energy (NZE) building.
The building will use a combination of modular shipping container construction and standard wood construction along with solar PV arrays on the roof and parkade, a high-performance building envelope, high-performance windows, efficient lighting, a heat pump, and heat recovery systems to reach Net Zero. The Net-Zero building design will reduce electrical costs and incorporate cost-saving measures to maximize affordability. The project’s other funders include Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, the Government of Alberta, and the City of Fort Saskatchewan, for a total project cost of $17,386,190.
Housing First Program
In 2021, the City of Medicine Hat celebrated reaching functional zero chronic homelessness. Functional zero means there were three or less individuals experiencing chronic homelessness in the community for three consecutive months. Reaching functional zero is a national achievement confirmed by the Canadian Alliance to End Homelessness’s Built for Zero Canada. The zero-homelessness status was maintained for 5 months. While additional work is needed, the progress made in 2021 demonstrates the value for a “housing first strategy” and potential for all communities to achieve a state of functional zero chronic homelessness.
RESOLVE Campaign
RESOLVE’s mission is to create affordable rental housing with support for up to 3,000 vulnerable and homeless Calgarians. Efforts that began when 11 new home builders and developers each contributed $1.4 million. Additional fundraising raised a total of $74 million. This funding was used to open six new buildings, retired two mortgages on existing buildings, purchased one existing building, and build eleven new buildings, providing over 1,300 units for the affordable housing space in the City of Calgary.
Nine local agencies worked with Resolve to identify housing needs and those in need of housing using a “Housing First” approach — providing individuals with the stability of a home, first, coupled with the support they need to live healthy lives.
Helpful Resources
- The Municipal Role in Housing, Institute on Municipal Finance and Governance
- National Building Code – 2023 Alberta Edition, Government of Canada
- Tiered Energy Code Roadmap, BILD
- Policy Tools for Achieving Energy Efficient and Emissions Neutral Buildings in Edmonton, Efficiency Canada
- Realizing Resilient Buildings in BC, Pinna Sustainability
- Climate Change Resilience for Buildings, RDH Building Science